Huaihai+Campaign

__STRATEGY:__ Su Yu proposed the strategy 22 January 1948: "sudden-concentrate, sudden-disperse" strategy of three PLA armies (Liu, Chen, Su Yu) might allow for the sequential destruction of several KMT armies. Isolation of Jin-Pu railroad in order to force the Nationalists to fortify the area near the railroad and the Yangtze. Approved on 25 September 1948. The PLA used columns as their battle formation "Use one or two columns to annihilate the one brigade under Li Mi at Lincheng and Hanchuang and strive to capture those two towns in order to menace Hsuchow from the north so that the two armies under Chiu Ching-chuan and Li Mi will not dare move east in full strength as reinforcements" http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-4/mswv4_43.htm//
 * one of the three greatest campaigns (Lioshang Campaign, Pingjin Campaign, Huaihai Campaign) of decisive significance in the Chinese People's War of Liberation.
 * Fought jointly by the Eastern China and Central Plains Field Armies and the regional troops of the eastern China and Central Plains areas. In this campaign over 555,000 Kuomintang troops were wiped out.
 * After the Huaihai Campaign, the capital of the Nationalist government,Nanking, was under direct threat by the People's Liberation Army.
 * Within 11 days after the conclusion of the Huaihai Campaign on January 10,1949, Chiang Kaishek announced his "retirement" and the Nationalist ruling group in Nanking fell apart.
 * 1948-1949
 * military action
 * the determining battle of the Chinese Civil War
 * 500 000 GMD troops surrounded in Xuzhou by Communist People's Liberation Army
 * Although the Kuomintang nationalists had air superiority, the Communists used concentrated artillery effectively and were thus victorious.
 * according to Buggy, T "The defeat at HUaihai broke the heart of the Nationalists"
 * according to Buggy, T "The Communists received valuable logistic support from 2 million peasants"
 * This battle secured east-central China for the CCP

3 phases- __FIRST:__ __SECOND:__ __THIRD:__
 * 6th November- surrounding of the 7th Nationalist Army by the East China Field Army
 * 8th November- 7th Nationalist Army revolted, held out for 12 days without supplies, however due to the 2 armies sent to relieve them were delayed and the 7th army made up of 100 000 troops were wiped from the Nationalist order of battle.
 * 23rd November- 6th January
 * Communist forces from east and west captured Xuzhou, a key railway on 1st December. following, the 16th and 12th armies were eliminated.
 * 15th December, the Nationalist armies succeeded in defeating 120 000 Nationalist troops and captured Huang Wei alive.
 * 6th January 1949 elimination of 13th army by PLA. 10 January PLA defeated 2nd Army. the commander of the Nationalist Army Qiu Qingquan committed suicide and Du Yuming was captured